9 retirement investing mistakes to avoid

Retiring comfortably is a major financial goal for most people, and many have a specific number in mind for their retirement savings. However, according to Bankrate’s 2024 Retirement Savings Survey, 57 percent of American workers feel behind when it comes to saving for retirement. And 48 percent of workers with a specific retirement goal don’t believe they’ll be able to reach it at all.

There’s plenty of advice out there on how to optimize your retirement savings and how to catch up if you feel behind. But often, the best way to set yourself up for success is to simply avoid some of the big, costly gaffes that people often make when saving and investing for retirement.

With that in mind, here are nine retirement investing mistakes to avoid.

1. Trying to scrape by without a plan

A financially secure retirement won’t just happen to you. You have to craft a carefully considered plan, and then stick to it.

And that means you’ll need to answer questions such as these:

• How much can I save each year?
• Am I taking advantage of every saving opportunity (i.e., a workplace retirement plan and an IRA)?
• Where am I investing my assets so that they grow?
• Could I save more?
• How do I manage my assets best?

These questions are just some of the many that you’ll want to answer as you develop a plan. No doubt, there’s a lot that you’ll need to consider. That’s why many people call in a financial advisor to help with the heavy lifting.

A financial advisor can help you sort out the biggest questions, such as whether a Roth IRA or traditional IRA is better for you. Look for a planner who is a fiduciary and paid only by you, since that’s the best way to get unbiased advice. They can also motivate you to stick to your plan.

Bankrate’s retirement calculator can also help you get a handle on how much money you can accumulate when it comes time to retire.

2. Not taking full advantage of tax breaks

The government offers retirement savers a ton of incentives to do the right thing, including special accounts such as 401(k), IRA and 403(b) plans that let you amass wealth tax-deferred (and sometimes even tax-free). By avoiding taxes today, you’ll be able to let your money compound even faster.

On top of those benefits, you can sometimes take a tax break today if you contribute to your account, as with a traditional 401(k) or IRA account.

And besides these positives, some lower-income savers can even benefit from saver’s credits that could lop off some real money from their tax bill.

With so many incentives, it’s smart to use what you can to avoid the taxman, helping you to roll up wealth even faster.

3. Not getting your full employer match

Many employers offer their workers a chance to make an immediate risk-free return on the money they sock away in their retirement account. Yet many employees don’t take advantage. It’s called an employer match, and it’s the safest, easiest return you’re likely ever going to get.

An employer match is when your employer offers a retirement plan such as 401(k) and matches a contribution that you make to the account, usually up to a certain percentage of your salary.

For example, an employer might offer to match half of the first 6 percent that you contribute to a 401(k) account. You deposit 6 percent of your paycheck and you’ll get another 3 percent for a total of 9 percent. That’s an immediate and risk-free return of 50 percent!

Even if you contribute nothing else to your account, take full advantage of the employer match.

4. Not saving enough — or at all

Of course, getting an employer match is the bare minimum. A retirement superstar will want to maximize the advantages of a workplace retirement plan and then take advantage of an IRA, too. It should go without saying that saving more will make your golden years more golden.

How much do most people put away? At the median, the contribution rate is 6 percent, says Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. That means half of workers contribute more, and half less. Employers typically match 50 cents on the dollar on the first 6 percent of pay, totaling a match of 3 percent of pay, Munnell says.

Is that combination enough? Munnell says it depends on when a person starts saving. “For a person starting at 25 and planning to retire at 67, a 9 percent employee-employer combined saving rate might be sufficient to maintain their pre-retirement living standard in retirement.”

But if you want to retire at age 62, plan on putting away 17 percent. And if you wait until age 35, save 14 percent if you plan to retire at 67, she says.

And once you get done maxing out those tax-advantaged accounts, you can always turn to regular taxable accounts and continue to save even more. You can work with a top retirement financial advisor in your area to find the numbers that work for your situation.

5. Forgetting about inflation

If you’re not saving or have most investments in risk-free assets such as bank accounts or CDs, you’ll want to outpace inflation, because it can eat your retirement plans alive.

Inflation is the gradual (and sometimes not so gradual) increase in prices over time. That $4 gallon of milk will likely cost much more in a few decades when you retire. So when you’re thinking about retirement planning, you want to ensure that you’re maintaining your purchasing power, or outpacing inflation.

While safe investment vehicles such as savings accounts and CDs can have a place in an investment portfolio, they often yield relatively low rates, especially in accounts at the big banks. Sharp savers seek out the highest rates, so that they’re doing the most with their cash.

Even bonds, which typically pay more than CDs, can be crushed by inflation, especially some of the lower-yielding Treasury bonds. However, over time, one of the best assets for beating inflation is a broadly diversified portfolio of stocks such as the Standard & Poor’s 500.

6. Investing too conservatively

If you’re investing for the long haul, you’ll probably want at least some investments in higher-return assets such as stocks. Not only can stocks help you beat inflation, but they can help grow your purchasing power, too, because they can deliver high returns.

Stocks can fluctuate dramatically, but historically the S&P 500 has delivered average annual returns of about 10 percent. Not every year, but on average over time. It’s hard to get that level of return consistently in any other place.

While many savers see stocks as too risky, experts say those who avoid them entirely as taking a huge gamble. The balance can be struck in the middle, with savers taking on some potential higher-risk assets such as an index fund and balancing that with lower-risk assets.

Experts recommend that those with a long time horizon – think decades, not a few years – should have most of their assets in stocks, because they deliver the best long-term returns. A long investment horizon gives you more time to ride out the stock market’s fluctuations while also allowing you to take advantage of stocks’ attractive long-term record.

As you near retirement, advisors recommend moving your money into more-conservative investments so that you can be more certain that your money will be there when you need it.

And not investing in stocks means that, unless you don’t need that level of return, you could end up outliving your money.

7. Getting hit with high fees

An investment plan with a fee of just 1 percent of assets annually may not seem like much, but over time it’s the kind of expense that can cost you tens of thousands of dollars, if not more. One place where you’re most likely to pay these fees is the expense ratio on mutual funds.

For example, imagine a scenario where you begin with $10,000 and invest another $10,000 each year for 30 years. You earn a reasonable 7 percent return each year for 30 years. A fund that charges just 1 percent will cost you nearly $133,000 over that period. Over 40 years, the cost balloons to more than $328,500.

What you’re sacrificing is not only the outright cost – the 1 percent annually – but the lost ability to compound that money that you pay out. In the first year, a 1 percent fee on a $10,000 investment would be just $100. But the real cost is that $100 compounding at 7 percent for decades.

In contrast, take an S&P 500 index mutual fund that costs 0.1 percent (and you can actually find funds that charge much less than this – even zero!). Over a 30-year period, this low-cost fund costs just under $19,000, while over a 40-year period it dings you a bit more than $56,000. While those amounts are still a lot of money, they pale in comparison to the 1 percent funds.

One of the easiest expenses for investors to control is the cost of a fund. If you’re invested in your company’s 401(k), the information must be disclosed to you. And if you invest on your own in either an IRA or taxable account, your broker can provide you with the information.

8. Staying too risky as you near retirement

If being too conservative was a problem when you’re decades from retirement, the counterpart is being too risky as you near retirement. The likely culprit? Workers who have under-invested early in their working life and then are trying to play catch-up as they approach retirement age.

This “go for broke” investment strategy may actually see you going broke, however. That’s because if you’re invested in higher-risk, higher-return assets such as stocks, they can decline just when you need them. And they may not recover before you exhaust them.

So many advisors begin transitioning clients to a less-risky portfolio years before they actually reach the big date. Assets move from riskier (such as stocks) to safer (such as bonds and CDs) investments to help you preserve your income for when you need it.

It’s important to rebalance your portfolio as your life situation changes, so that your risk tolerance matches your age and time to retirement. But it can still be fine to hold some money in stocks, because retirement can last decades nowadays.

9. Accumulating too much debt

Taking on debt is often a normal part of a person’s financial life. You might borrow money to pay for school, a car or a house. But debt can also be a burden and make it more difficult to achieve your financial goals. High debt payments mean more of your income goes toward payments on the loans instead of saving for retirement.

You’ll want to do your best to pay off most loans prior to retirement, though some debt, such as a mortgage, may be fine as long as you’re paying it off on schedule. The fewer financial obligations you have during retirement, the easier it will be to maintain your lifestyle.

Bottom line

Saving for retirement is a big goal, and it can often feel complicated or overwhelming. But it doesn’t always have to be. By simply avoiding these nine common mistakes, you can expect to be on a surer path to a financially comfortable retirement.

Note: Bankrate’s Brian Baker also contributed to an update of this story.